Exhibit 12

COMPUTATION OF RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES(1)

(Dollar in thousands)


<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Years Ended December 31,
------------------------------------------------------------------
1997 1996 1995 1994 1993(2)
---------- -------- -------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Income from continuing operations
before income taxes........................ $ 803,098 $684,383 $618,931 $566,507 $498,860
Add:
Interest expense............................ 209,194 203,877 226,110 194,115 189,292
Portion of rents representative of the
interest factor............................ 39,404 40,538 42,064 42,339 33,842
Amortization of capitalized interest........ 973 914 914 914 914
Minority interest in the income of
subsidiary with fixed charges.............. 11,322 8,121 5,013 -- --
---------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Income as adjusted.......................... $1,063,991 $937,833 $893,032 $803,875 $722,908
========== ======== ======== ======== ========
Fixed charges:
Interest expense............................ $ 209,194 $203,877 $226,110 $194,115 $189,292
Capitalized interest........................ -- 1,201 2,178 733 --
Portion of rents representative of the
interest factor............................ 39,404 40,538 42,064 42,339 33,842
Minority interest, excluding taxes,
in the income of subsidiary with
fixed charges............................... 17,285 11,838 7,607 -- --
---------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Total fixed charges........................ $ 265,883 $257,454 $277,959 $237,187 $223,134
========== ======== ======== ======== ========
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges(1)....... 4.00 3.64 3.21 3.39 3.24
========== ======== ======== ======== ========
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges
excluding minority interest................. 4.23 3.79 3.28 3.39 3.24
========== ======== ======== ======== ========
</TABLE>
- --------------------
(1) The computation of the ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges and
preferred stock dividends has been computed by dividing income from
continuing operations before income taxes as adjusted by fixed charges and
preferred stock dividends. Included in fixed charges is one-third of
rental expense as the representative portion of interest.

(2) Reclassified to reflect discontinued operations.